With the development of social economy and the changes of students' physical and mental characteristics, mental health education has been paid more and more attention by the schools, and the Ministry of Education is involved in the "Guidelines for Mental Health Education in Primary and Secondary Schools", especially the key points of the Ministry of Education. Since the primary school mental health education featured school striving plan, the construction of psychological counseling room has become an important part of school education. In response to the national call, and actively carry out mental health education, how to construct and arrange the psychological counseling room is a problem encountered by many school teachers. Today, Xiaobian interviewed Mr. Lan, the technical director of the Beijing Normal University Applied Psychological Development Research Center.
The psychological counseling center should include relevant music, visual, professional activity props, regional function allocation, etc., and how to adjust the relevant elements of the indoor, play an important role in the development of psychological activities. Therefore, we launched a comprehensive network of psychological counseling centers, related hardware matching and interior design, related training activities, props and other professional technical support. I hope that through professional technical support, we can help schools solve the problem of mental health education for primary and middle school students.
First, the concept of mental health education
1. Based on the concept of developmental counseling, with the concept of corrective counseling.
School education is to promote the all-round development of students, but in the case of large differences in genetic quality, social environment, educational opportunities, etc., how to promote individuals to achieve the most effective development on the basis of adaptation, so that their potential and personality are fully The play and improvement of this should be the issue that should be paid close attention to in our school education work. From the perspective of school counseling, the object is people, not problems, so the concept of corrective counseling is only an aid and should not be dominant.
2. Based on positive psychology, emphasize resilience and focus on the flexibility of psychological counseling.
Our mental health education is not just a study of disease, vulnerability and injury. It is also a study of strength and quality. As Seligman (1998) pointed out, in order to prevent the previous imbalance, it must be given to people before treatment. Strength, prevention before the onset of mental illness. Resilience refers to the process of positive adaptation in the face of obvious pressure or risk. Self-confidence, positive cognition and attribution, and good social support are important components of individual resilience. We focus on guiding mental health education to respect children's personal development, cultivating children's ability to solve problems themselves, developing and perfecting personal life effectively and constructively, and concentrating on the future of children, instead of focusing only on the present, this is also with China. The status quo of mental health education is consistent.
Second, the psychological counseling room construction program
1. Design goals of the psychological counseling room
Guide students' psychological balance development and help students grow up healthily. According to the eight-stage theory of Erikson's personality development, aiming at the characteristics of students' personality development, through psychological counseling, promote the development of students' self-identity and perfect personality, and improve students' self-help. ability.
2. Principles of psychological counseling room construction
Scientific: Based on the development theory of Piaget and Erikson, the color, layout and connotation of each functional area of ​​the counseling room are designed with reference to color psychology theory, cognitive therapy and emotional therapy.
Versatility: The construction of the psychological counseling room is based on the characteristics of students' physical and mental development, and is aimed at all students. With the overall development of all students as the center, through the general development of individual counseling, group counseling and activity counseling, the students' developmental issues are gradually raised. Develop students' positive awareness of mental health and gradually improve their psychological quality;
Targeted: Focus on individual differences, carry out various forms of psychological counseling according to the different needs of different students, and improve their mental health;
Taking "student" as the center and "teacher" as the performer: Students are the main body of psychological counseling room construction, fully inspiring and mobilizing students' enthusiasm, scientific guidance of teachers in mental health education and students' initiative on mental health activities Participation is organically combined.
Personalization: Each school can also tailor the psychological counseling room construction program to the school's student development characteristics, school construction planning and other factors to meet the multi-faceted needs of schools and students, promote the development of school mental health education and the healthy development of students. To create a good school atmosphere.
3. Psychological counseling room layout requirements
The counseling room is the main place for communication between the psychological teacher and the student, and is the base of the psychological teacher. The location of the counseling room should be based on the principle of quietness and convenience, choose lighting, good ventilation, warm in winter, cool in summer, not too close to the office and teaching area. The color and equipment of the consultation room should also conform to the psychological characteristics of the primary school students. The configuration of the primary psychological counseling room tends to be children's characters and items.
Third, the composition of the psychological counseling room
The school counseling room should have at least one full-time or part-time psychological teacher trained in the system. The counseling room staff can also include class teachers and team cadres with certain psychological knowledge and skills, as well as other teachers and outsiders who are enthusiastic about this work. Student volunteers.
Fourth, the use of psychological counseling room requirements
1. The consultation room should be open regularly, no less than 10 hours per week. The opening time should meet the needs of the help-seekers. There must be a consultant on duty during the opening hours.
2. The school counseling room can provide various forms of consulting services according to the setting of the consultation room and the needs of the helpers. Such as: on-site consultation, communication consultation, telephone consultation, network consultation.
3. Serve the helper wholeheartedly, respect and actively pay attention to every visitor. Without the permission of the person or guardian, the privacy of the helper, psychological measurement results and consultation records shall not be disclosed to others; and the appropriate interpersonal distance shall be maintained with the visitor.
4. Counselors who do not master the relevant knowledge and methods of psychometric measurement shall not make psychological measurements on the help-seekers. Do not use piracy, reliability and validity, and scales that do not meet the characteristics of students. Students cannot be forced to perform various psychological measurements without the consent of the student or guardian.
5. Pay close attention to the emotions of the help-seekers during the consultation process. In case of special circumstances, effective measures should be taken and reported to the school leaders and relevant personnel in a timely manner.
Fifth, the function of the psychological counseling room:
Reception room
The reception room refers to the venue for receiving psychological visitors in the early stage of psychological counseling.
Before the start of psychological counseling in the reception room, some of the first-time visitors often have a nervous state of mind. If they do not buffer, it is difficult to enter a state of relaxation. This is not conducive to the smooth development of psychological counseling. The establishment of the reception area provides a The space for visitors to fully rest or relax is conducive to the next step of consultation.
The construction of the reception room is recommended to be based on milk yellow or according to the preferences of the teacher, because the reception room is the main office of the counselor. But it must have a serious and warm feeling, because this room is also the first stop for visitors to conduct psychological counseling, so that visitors should feel close and equal, naturally, do not have a sense of oppression. At the same time, you need to configure a small open small bookshelf. Visitors can read books while waiting, and post a psychological counseling room system, psychological counseling rules and psychological wall charts.
2. Psychological reading room
The psychological reading room is a special reading room for psychological book materials. The size of the reading room can be determined according to the construction conditions. It is necessary to configure bookcases, reading stands, reading tables and chairs, etc. The main body style should be quiet. In the psychological reading room, you can centrally arrange newspapers and magazines about psychological aspects, and at the same time put books on helping and improving psychological quality and personal growth and development, so that visitors can choose the information they need to get help and enlightenment. It is also possible to provide psychological counselors with books and materials on psychological education and mental health care.
3. Psychological measurement room
The psychological measurement room is mainly used for individual psychological testing, and large-volume group testing can be conducted through the multimedia computer room. The area of ​​the evaluation archives does not need to be too large, but it must be quiet and independent, avoiding interference in the evaluation process and affecting the accuracy of the results. It should be equipped with a psychological scale, computer and printer, and install a professional psychological software system to facilitate the evaluation and establishment of statistical analysis of psychological files and results. And a file Cabinet is configured to archive and manage related materials.
4. Individual consultation room
Individual counseling rooms are responsible for one-on-one individual counseling or one-to-many family counseling. Individual counseling rooms need to give visitors a sense of security so that they can truly express themselves in front of the counsellor and help them mentally. The seat of the consultant and the visitor is placed in an L shape, so that both the consultant and the visitor can capture each other's eyes, and the visitor can be in a kind of tension because the direct vision of the eyes leads to the tension of the visitor. Really reveal yourself in a relatively safe and comfortable environment. The individual consultation area recommends placing a silent timer, which is more conducive to the psychological counselor to master and adjust the consultation time. At the same time, the plush toys that can be directly grasped are placed near the location of the visiting students, so that the communication between the visitor and the psychological counselor is more natural and relaxed.
5. Group consultation room
Group counseling is a form of psychological counseling conducted in a group context. As a place for group counseling, group activities, mental health classes, and outreach training, the group counseling room covers an area of ​​about 50-60 square meters, with tables and chairs that can be moved, floor coverings, air conditioning and multimedia imaging equipment. Equipped with group counseling activities equipment.
6. Sandbox game room
The sandbox game, also known as box therapy, is a psychotherapy method based on Jung's psychology and symbolic theory of analytical psychology. The sandbox game is a kind of psychotherapy in which the visitor is free to choose toys from the toy rack and perform self-expression in a special box with fine sand.
Boxing therapy was first introduced to China by Professor Zhang Risheng of Beijing Normal University in 1998. At present, box therapy is widely used in the field of mental health education in China. It is a problem for many psychological problems such as ADHD, aggressive behavior, inattention, tiredness, and interpersonal relationships. Psychological problems such as communication disorders and emotional disorders have obvious help. Professor Zhang Risheng from Beijing Normal University, Chen Ting, Research and Application Promotion Center of Boxing Therapy, said that “Psychological Boxing (Sand Plate) has become a necessary psychological application device for mental health centers and psychological counseling rooms such as schools, government, enterprises and institutions.â€
The composition of the mental sandbox equipment includes: necessary equipment such as sandbox, sand and sand.
The sandbox game is a behavioral expressive coaching technique designed for emotionally rich adaptations. With the help of sandboxes, the inner interpersonal interactions are presented in a game-like manner to understand the true state of inner emotions and emotions, and to produce wound healing effects during the game.
The sandbox game room should be placed close to the individual consultation room, so that the individual consultation room and the sandbox room are relatively independent spaces and are connected to each other. When the counselor finds that he needs to perform sand table treatment for the visitor, he can easily come to the sandbox game room.
As a psychological counselor, the sandbox game therapy is a place for visitors to conduct individual counseling and group counseling. The environment should be quiet and elegant, and not susceptible to interference. The light is soft and the colour is gentle, so that visitors can calm down, relax and concentrate on the game. Equipped with sand table equipment, the counselor assists through the sand table equipment to promote the maintenance of the mental health of the visitors, the cultivation of imagination and creativity, the cultivation of the mind and the sound development of personality.
7. Ventilation room
The ultimate result of psychological problems, in many cases, is the result of the cumulative accumulation of negative emotions. Therefore, the timely elimination of negative emotions can prevent and solve the psychological problems. Catharsis is one of the most common and effective methods.
There are many ways to vent, but the most basic principle is that catharsis must be reasonable and legal, and it must not harm or harm others, and maintain appropriateness. Some commonly used methods suitable for the psychological development of middle school students can be introduced into the catharsis room, such as sports, shouting, graffiti, and hitting.
The catharsis room is a venue for visitors to vent their inner feelings. The establishment of a venting room will help the negative emotions and psychological energy generated by the internal conflicts of the future visitors to be dispelled and vented through a safe and appropriate way, and combined with the guidance of the psychological counselor to promote the individual's mental health. The cathartic room is equipped with a video surveillance system on the premise of comfort and safety. The space should not be too small, and the wall of about 20 square meters requires a soft bag, floor, and venting equipment.
8. Relaxation room
The relaxation room is mainly to provide visitors with a variety of relaxation training conditions, which in turn helps visitors to alleviate the pressure and mood of the venue. Relaxation technology is a technique that is trained by a certain program, and the individual learns to relax mentally and physically. It is a commonly used behavioral treatment method. The relaxation room is equipped with a music decompression treatment system, which uses the unique physiological and psychological effects of music to enable visitors to experience and eliminate the anxiety and tension through various specially designed musical behaviors with the participation of consultants. Waiting for bad emotions, eliminating psychological barriers, restoring or improving mental health.
In short, mental health education has been valued by schools, society, and the state. As a carrier of mental health education, the school uses relevant psychological education methods and means to cultivate students' good psychological quality according to the characteristics of students' physiological and psychological development. The psychological counseling room is an important part of school mental health education, which promotes students' comprehensive physical and mental harmony. Educational activities with comprehensive development and quality improvement are an important part of quality education and an important link in implementing quality education projects and cultivating high-quality talents.
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