First, the concept of commodity packaging
The sprout of packaging should be traced back to the most primitive era of human beings. Some food containers can be regarded as a kind of packaging, such as shells, bamboo tubes, gourds, banana leaves, wild animal skins, etc. used by primitive humans.
However, in the minds of people, the concepts of container and packaging of goods are both related and different. The container of the item is not usually regarded as a package. People think that packaging is usually associated with goods, and is an accessory of goods. It is an indispensable means for realizing the value and use value of commodities. Therefore, the generation of packaging should start from the beginning of the exchange of goods by human society. The fact is also true that the development of packaging is closely linked with the development of commodity circulation.
In general, the development of commodity packaging can be divided into three stages.
(1) The stage of large packaging for the protection of goods:
In the early stages of the development of commodity production, after commodity exchange occurs, in order to ensure the circulation of commodities, the first thing that is needed is the transportation and storage of commodities, that is, the role of commodities undergoing the transfer of space and the passage of time. This packaging was created for the protection of the goods and developed. During this period, packaging usually refers to large packages, ie transport packages—boxes, baskets, baskets, and barrels. In the case of buying and selling, that is, a large number of retail purchases and distributions, at times, some simple small packages sometimes appear for protection, and the general merchandise packaging rarely enters the consumer field.
(II) There are not only large packages, but also small packages that convey the effect of beautification. With the development of commodity economy, there are more and more products. Different manufacturers produce different quality and different varieties of flowers. In the beginning, producers used product features to differentiate consumers from their products, and gradually used small packages to convey this information. With the fierce competition, small packaging has in turn played the role of beautifying and propagating goods. During this period, large packaging still mainly played a protective role, while small packaging mainly served as a distinction between commodities, beautification and promotion of goods. Since there is a small package, commodities do not have to be distributed at retail, so small packages are also called sales packages, but they still need to be introduced and promoted by the salesperson. At present, most of the commodity packaging on the domestic market falls into this category.
(III) Silent salesman stage of small packages becoming commodities
The emergence of self-service sales methods has pushed commodity packaging to a higher stage of development. The characteristics of commodity packaging during this period are: small packaging has become an inseparable part of the commodity, and it has become an important means to seek additional profits. The role of small packaging in production, sales, and consumption is also increasing. At the same time, large packaging also shifted from simple protection to how to improve the efficiency of transport handling. At present, many commodity packages are moving in this direction.
Commodity packaging developed to the present stage, usually referred to as modern commodity packaging. It is generally believed that modern commodity packaging has two basic characteristics: one is attribute and the other is commodity. In the production of modern commodities, the dependence of goods on packaging becomes more and more obvious. In the entire production, circulation, sales, and even consumption areas, an accessory-package is needed. Without it, it is difficult to form a virtuous cycle of social production. Therefore, although the types of modern commodity packaging have increased, functions have increased, and the proportion of costs has increased. Packaging is still an accessory for products, and the development of packaging will be constrained by commodities. The characteristics and changes in interior products will affect the development of packaging. The most fundamental factor. In addition, in the modern production of goods, the commercial nature of the packaging itself is becoming more apparent. This shows that the development of commodity packaging so far, although the dependence of goods on packaging has increased, but the dependence of packaging production on the production of goods has decreased, that is, its relative independence has increased. Modern commodity packaging is a special product produced by the society. Packaging production has become one of the important industrial sectors. It is as commodity-like as other socially necessary labor products and becomes an inter-departmental buying and selling target.
Commodity packaging refers to the overall name of containers, materials, and auxiliary materials that are used to protect commodities, facilitate storage and transportation, and promote sales in accordance with certain technical methods.
The concept of modern commodity packaging reflects the commodity, means and production activities of commodity packaging. Commodity packaging is a special commodity for social production, which has its own value and use value. At the same time, it is an important means to realize the value and use value of interior products. The value of commodity packaging is included in the value of the commodity. Not only does it provide compensation when the commodity is sold, but it is overcompensated for reasons such as market supply and demand. High-quality packaging can bring huge economic benefits. Commodity packaging is an important part of the production of goods. Most of the goods can only enter into circulation and consumption fields only after they have been packaged to complete their production process.
Commodity packaging is a combination of modeling and decoration based on certain attributes, quantity, shape, storage and transportation conditions and sales needs, using specific packaging materials and technical methods, according to design requirements, and has the dual characteristics of art and technology. The characteristics of volume, morphology, level, and integrity. From the point of view of entity composition, any product packaging is made of certain packaging materials and manufactured by certain technical methods. Each has its own unique structure, shape and appearance. Therefore, packaging materials, packaging techniques, packaging structure modeling and surface decoration are the four major elements that make up a packaging entity. The packaging material is the material basis of the packaging and is the material bearer of the packaging function. Packaging technology is the key to achieving packaging protection and ensuring the quality of the product. Packaging structure modeling is a specific form of packaging materials and packaging technology. Packing and decorating is the main means to beautify, advertise and introduce products through screens and texts. The perfect combination of these four elements constitutes the physical content of the packaging entity
Second, the role of commodity packaging
The role of commodity packaging is mainly reflected in the following aspects:
(I) Protecting Goods"
Protecting goods is one of the important roles of packaging. In the process of circulation, commodities may be affected by a variety of external factors, causing damage, pollution, leakage, or deterioration of the product, which may cause the commodity to be reduced or lose its use value. Scientific and reasonable packaging can make the goods resist the destruction of various external factors, thereby protecting the performance of the goods and ensuring the quality and quantity of the goods are intact.
(b) to facilitate circulation
Packaging provides the conditions and convenience for the circulation of goods. The goods are packaged according to a certain quantity, shape, size, size, and different containers, and various signs are usually printed on the outside of the goods packaging to reflect the name, quantity, specifications, color, and overall packaging volume of the packaged goods. Gross weight, net weight, factory name, site and precautions in storage and transportation, etc., which are not only conducive to the allocation of goods, inventory counting, but also conducive to the rational use of various means of transport and warehouse capacity, improve transport, handling, stacking efficiency and storage and transportation The effect accelerates the circulation of goods and improves the economic efficiency of commodity circulation.
(c) Promotion of sales
Exquisite packaging of goods can play a role in beautifying goods, promoting goods, and promoting sales. Packaging can not only improve the market competitiveness of goods, but also attract customers and guide consumption with its novel and unique artistic charm. It has become a leading factor in promoting consumer purchases and is a silent salesman of goods. High-quality packaging is of great significance in improving the competitiveness of export commodities, expanding export earnings, and promoting the development of foreign trade.
(D) Convenient consumption
The sales package varies according to the product, in various forms, and the package size is suitable for consumers to carry, store, and use. The drawings, trademarks, and text descriptions on the packaging are not only convenient for consumers to identify, but also describe the composition, nature, use, use, and storage of the merchandise, and play a role in facilitating and guiding consumption.
(E) cost savings)
Commodity packaging is closely related to production costs. Reasonable packaging can make scattered products integrated in a certain number of forms, thereby greatly increasing the loading capacity and facilitating loading and unloading transportation, which can save transportation expenses, storage fees and other expenses. Some packages can also be recycled for many times, saving the production of packaging materials and packaging containers, which will help reduce costs and increase economic efficiency. $Page break $
Third, the classification of commodity packaging
The classification of commodity packaging is to integrate the commodity packaging as a certain range of the whole, according to certain classification marks or characteristics, and successively summarized as a number of smaller, more consistent local aggregation of features, until divided into the smallest unit. Commodity packaging classification is based on a certain purpose and meets certain needs. The role of commodity packaging in production, distribution, and consumption is different. Different departments and industries have different requirements for packaging classification. The purpose of classification is also different. The packaging industry department, packaging use department, commercial department, and packaging research department use different classification marks and classification methods to classify packaging according to their own industry characteristics and requirements. In general, the packaging industry sector is categorized according to packaging techniques, packaging application scope, packaging materials, etc.; packaging and use departments are classified according to their protective performance and applicability; commercial sectors are categorized according to product scope and packaging mechanism; Departments are classified according to different modes of transportation and methods. Due to the wide variety of packaging and the use of different classification marks, the classification methods are also varied. According to the selected classification mark, there are the following types of common goods packaging classification methods:
(a) classification of the role of packaging in circulation
The role of packaging in the circulation of goods as a classification mark can be divided into transport packaging and sales packaging.
1. Transport Packaging.
It is a form of packaging for larger units for safe transportation and protection of goods, also known as outer packaging or large packaging. For example, cartons, wooden boxes, barrels, packs, pallets, etc. The transportation package is generally large in size, with a high degree of standardization in terms of external dimensions, and it is sturdy and durable. It is widely used in collective packaging and has obvious identification marks on the surface. The main function is to protect the goods and facilitate transportation, loading, unloading and storage.
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2. Sales packaging.
A sales package refers to a package in which a product is a sales unit, or a group of individual products that form a small overall package, also called a package or a small package. The characteristics of sales and packaging are generally small packages. The technical requirements for packaging are beautiful, safe, hygienic, novel, easy to carry, and require high printing and decoration. The sales package is generally sold to customers with the goods, and plays a role of directly protecting the goods, propagating and promoting the sales of the products. At the same time, it also plays a role in protecting quality brand-name goods against counterfeiting.
(B) Classification by Packaging Materials
With packaging materials as a classification mark, it can generally be divided into cardboard, wood, metal, plastic, glass and ceramics, fiber fabrics, composite materials and other packaging.
1. Paper packaging.
It is a package made from paper and cardboard. It includes cartons, corrugated cartons, cartons, paper bags, paper tubes, paper drums, and the like. In modern commodity packaging, paper packaging still occupies an important position. From the perspective of environmental protection and resource recycling, paper packaging has broad prospects for development.
2. Wooden packaging.
It is a package made of wood, wood products, and artificial boards (such as plywood, fiberboard, etc.). Mainly include: wooden boxes, barrels, plywood boxes, fiberboard boxes and barrels, wooden pallets and so on.
3. Metal packaging.
Metal packaging refers to various packagings made of black iron, tin, tin, aluminum foil, aluminum alloy, and the like. Mainly include: metal barrels, metal boxes, tin and aluminum cans, tanks, cylinders and so on.
4. Plastic Packaging.
Plastic packaging refers to a package made of a polymer material whose main raw material is artificial synthetic resin. the Lord