Fourth, the requirements of commodity packaging
Commodity packaging should follow the principle of “scientific, economical, firm, beautiful, and marketableâ€, and generally has the following requirements:
(A) The commodity packaging should adapt to the characteristics of the commodity
Commodity packaging must be handled according to the different characteristics of the goods, using appropriate materials and techniques, so that the packaging fully meets the requirements of the physical and chemical properties of the commodity.
The packaging of food products should be based on the different characteristics of the food, in order to avoid deterioration of the food, take appropriate materials and technical processing. Special attention should be paid to the cleanliness and hygiene of the package, the moisture-tightness of the seal, and the oxygen and light from the light, and attention should be paid to the certain pressure resistance.
Daily industrial goods packaging should not only pay attention to the protection of goods, but also need to pay attention to the appearance of beautiful and unique, easy to show and easy to use.
(B) Commodity packaging should be adapted to the conditions of transport
In the process of circulation, commodities must go through transportation, loading and unloading, and storage. They are susceptible to various external factors such as vibration, impact, pressure, friction, high temperature, and low temperature, and they are damaged and damaged. To protect the safety of commodities, it is required that the packaging of goods should have a certain strength, which is solid, firm and durable. For different modes of transport and means of transport, there should also be selective use of appropriate packaging containers and technical processes. The entire package should be adapted to the storage and transportation conditions in the circulation area and meet the strength requirements for transportation, handling, handling, and storage.
(3) Product packaging should be standardized, generalized, serialized - Xc
Commodity packaging must be standardized, that is, the packaging volume (weight), packaging materials, structural design, size, printing marks, terminology, and packaging methods of the product packaging should be stipulated in a unified manner, and gradually be serialized and generalized. It facilitates the production of packaging containers, improves the production efficiency of packaging, simplifies the specifications of packaging containers, saves raw materials, reduces costs, and is easy to identify and measure, which helps to ensure the quality of packaging and the safety of commodities, and is conducive to the recycling of packaging.
In addition, commodity packaging should also consider the customs and habits of different consumers, different countries and ethnic groups. It is necessary to pay attention to the constant use of modern packaging technologies and packaging materials to make packaging lightweight and modern. The design of the pattern must be novel, the printing must be exquisite, the trademark must be eye-catching, the subject must be clear, the tone must be harmonious, and the style must be unique. `
$Page break $
V. Requirements for transport packaging
(I) Design requirements for transport packaging
Transportation and storage are the two links that are most affected by external forces in the circulation of goods. Therefore, the purpose of the transport packaging design is: First, the packaging should be a sturdy protective body, so as to effectively prevent external forces from destroying the goods during transportation and loading and unloading, and can withstand the pressure of the upper goods on the stacking yard. Second, the size of the packaging should be standardized. The movement of goods in space requires a number of links. Different links have different transportation tools and storage conditions. Different packing forms require a link and system convergence problem. This is the standardization of dimensions. The uniform standard of packaging size can make the container assembly the best and the utilization rate of the vehicle is maximum. At present, many technologically advanced countries have attached great importance to the standardization of commodity packaging, not only to the standardization of packaging containers, but also to the standardization of materials, performance, inspection methods, terminals, loading and unloading tools, warehouses, and transportation vehicles. It fully embodies the principles of efficiency, economy, speed and safety. In order to implement this principle, many countries stipulate that non-standard packaged goods will not be accepted. Third, there should be an eye-catching packaging logo so that goods can reach their destination accurately and safely. The packaging marks can be broadly divided into three categories, namely identification marks, such as the part number, destination, origin, volume, weight (gross weight, net weight), quantity of built-in goods, production units, and date of manufacture; etc.; indicating signs, such as careful light Releasing, moisture-proofing, heat-resisting, center of gravity, and facing up; dangerous signs, such as toxic, highly toxic, explosives, oxidants, inflammables, compressed gases, natural objects, water-inflammables, corrosive materials , radioactive articles, etc. In addition to the above-mentioned three requirements, it should also be economical, recyclable, and have no impact on the environment. The general requirements are the lowest cost, the most reasonable volume, the greatest protection, and the most striking signs.
(b) Method requirements for transport packaging
Reasonable transport packaging methods should be based on scientific methods to design containers with less material and large volume, and at the same time, make reasonable arrangements for the goods when packing, and save the volume; the packaging of loose foam products should try to compress the volume; Large-scale machinery should adopt dismantling methods; goods with regular shapes, and methods of applying suits. At present, the development trend of foreign commodity transport packaging is the implementation of collective packaging and pallet packaging to save labor and accelerate the circulation of goods.
1. Collection packaging.
Collection packaging is the need to transport the packaged goods together to form a large package collective, easy to transport and load and unload, thereby improving the handling efficiency, reduce the use of freight, protect the goods, reduce losses, and promote the standardization of commodity packaging. Collection packaging mainly consists of containers and container bags. Bulk cargo such as ore, cement, etc. use container bags. The container bag is a large silk bag that is made of plastic overlapping wire and should be suitable for lifting and unloading. Generally, it can hold 1 to 1.5 tons of gross weight of goods. Now it focuses on the situation of the container. The container is a large rectangular box made of steel plates and polymer fiberboard. Internationally, commonly used containers are 20 feet and 40 feet. Containers generally have the following types: general containers, also known as dry cargo containers, without additional special equipment, and have a wide range of containerized objects, mainly groceries, such as department stores, stationery, medicine, hardware, and electrical appliances. Refrigerated containers are specially designed for the shipment of goods that require lower temperatures, such as fresh fruits, vegetables, fish, and meat. There are three types of cooling: insulation. There is no cold source, mainly through the insulation of the box wall and roof insulation. Refrigerant type. There are two layers of wall, add refrigerant in the sandwich, such as liquid nitrogen, liquid carbon dioxide. Mechanical refrigeration type. With refrigeration equipment. Tank container, which is specially used for transporting liquid goods such as spirits and oils, is mainly composed of two parts, a liquid tank and a frame. The tank is the main body of the cargo and has an elliptical shape and a nearly spherical shape. In addition to the above types of containers, there are open containers, bulk containers, and livestock containers. Containers have the following advantages: First, it is easy to use machinery and can greatly improve handling efficiency. According to a survey conducted by the Ministry of Railways, it takes about two hours to load the skin with humans, and the container usually takes only 20 minutes. Second, it can reduce the pick-and-delivery process on transportation and reduce the loss of goods. In general, transportation involves heavy work such as loading and unloading, cleaning and handover, and it is easy to cause damage to the goods. The use of containers can achieve "door-to-door" transportation, which can reduce errors, save costs, and reduce the workload of handling and the resulting losses. Third, container handling is not affected by the weather. Fourth, the need for warehouses can be reduced because containers are mostly sealed and can be stored in the open so that goods can be well protected.
2. Tray combination packaging.
The pallet is a kind of pad made of wood, plastic, steel and other materials. There is a socket underneath, which can be inserted into the fork of the forklift to facilitate the loading and unloading of the packaged goods on the pallet. The tray combination package also facilitates warehouse stacking of goods. The general tray combination packaging can load 1-1.5 tons, which can speed up the transport speed, save packaging materials and reduce product damage. See below:
(3) General requirements for the transport packaging of import and export commodities,
Commodity transportation and packaging are ultimately inseparable from manual handling, so wooden boxes are generally suitable for about 50 kg, and cartons are best not to exceed 30 kg. If the single-piece packaging is too heavy, use trays or slide materials to facilitate mechanical loading and unloading to avoid product damage. However, there are still some special regulations and requirements in various countries. For example, Singapore and Malaysia charge for the loading and unloading of goods, so the heavier the requirements for one-piece packaging, the better; Saudi Arabia stipulates that the weight of bagged goods shall not exceed 50 kg, unless a pallet or other lifting equipment is installed, or the authorities It does not provide facilities for quay storage. If it affects unloading, it will impose a SAR of 200 for each class time according to the local port handling rates. The packaging materials banned from use in various countries are: The United States prohibits the use of straw for packaging to prevent the spread of plant diseases and insect pests. New Zealand stipulates that straw, hay, chaff, clams or old sacks are strictly prohibited for imported product packaging materials; the Philippines prohibits the use of sacks and hemp fabrics. Straw mats and straw packaging; Cyprus provides straw for packaging, must be issued by the exporting country certificate of disinfection, or from the absence of proof of foot-and-mouth disease; British pest control packaging regulations, for padding of natural materials, such as hay, straw, hemp Classes, etc. must be treated with fungicides, insecticides, etc.
$Page break $
Six, sales packaging requirements
(I) Design requirements for sales packaging
Sales packaging design is an extremely important part of packaging work. Its quality and level are directly related to the sales of goods. The design of sales packaging requires the combination of product information and visual aesthetic communication. Therefore, the design should pay attention to the prominent and prominent shelf image, clear and easy-to-understand written text, unique and eye-catching trademark graphics, scientific and rational modeling structure, and elegant and elegant design. Most of the goods are sold on the shelves. Successful packaging design requires that the packaged goods can be quickly discovered and noticed when they are put together with other goods, and respond to customers' strong visual impact. For this reason, packaging and decorating design requires the perfect unity of image, text, composition, color, etc. It has a certain level of art. The mode of expression is concise, clear, and prominent, enabling consumers to accept and understand product information under its artistic infection. Sales packaging design can be divided into design and decoration design. The so-called modeling, mainly refers to the packaging of the shape, material, external structure, geometric characteristics, etc.; the so-called decoration, mainly refers to the package surface color, pattern, label, art, text, photos and other measures to promote and beautify the goods. The design and decoration design of sales packaging should adopt different methods according to different distribution purposes. The purpose of modeling design is: Products should be easy to display, easy to use, carry, beautiful and generous; decoration design purposes are: to seek the picture and text appearance, color matching is reasonable, bright and bright, and make the image, text, composition, color, trademark Coordinate application and maximize consumer attention. In today's world, packaging requirements for goods (especially consumer goods) are exquisite, light, appropriate, health care, and novelty. Under the premise of being easy to use and conducive to sales, various kinds of novelty packaging are set up to attract customers and fully display various popular colors and antique ethnic styles.
(II) Decoration design of sales package
Packaging and decoration design requirements must comply with the content. The content stated in the design language is the overall characteristics of the realization of the thing; the representation method it uses must reveal the information corresponding to the content it delivers. The packaging and decorating design is a visual design. It is visually effective. The ancestors mainly deliver goods information to consumers. It is the link between the producers, distributors and consumers. The arrangement of each part of the interior design image should be based on human visual abilities within different spatial distances and attract consumers as much as possible in the visual psychological response. Good packaging and decoration should be a combination of pattern design, brand name, text description and color application, and combine science and art. The design of packaging and decorating requires bright, concise and prominent themes, enabling consumers to identify clearly in the shortest time and leave an impression, creating a unique image for the product. Good pattern design allows the concept and layout to be combined with the characteristics of the product, trinity, and have a certain flavor of the times. For serialized goods, a unified trademark pattern and text font should be premised. A set of products in the same category, based on different shades, water lines or different shapes, packaged